Lesson 5 & 6

Juxtaposition.

Juxtaposition can be defined as placing two variable, side bt side and their contrast or similarity are shown through comparison.
Many creative processes rely on juxtaposition.By juxtaposing 2 obj or words next to each other, human brain will automatically associate or tranfer meaning.
Usually 'turning' something familiar to something less familiar or vice-versa.

DEFINITION OF JUXTAPOSITION
A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side; as a juxtaposition of words.
The act of juxtaposing is to place 2 objects or word next to ech other. When 2 things put side by side,
your brain try to figure what is the relationship between these 2?
What automatically happens is that there is tranference of meaning. Usually from something familiar to.
Something less familiar. (what is the relationship? or the meaning or the similarities?)
Conflict between left brain and right brain


 Visual puns
Creating an artwork in which several visual form which look alike are connected and combined so as to bring out 2 or more possible meaningfull
Visual puns are lower version of visual metaphor


Metaphor: in a figure of speech in which 2 diff things r linked by some similarity.
comparison that are obviously are not consider metaphor.
therefore, metaphor occur, when 2 diff ideas r being connected in imagination and agreed to be dissimalarity at first

Similes : using as/like
example : life is like cooking. it all depends on whatyou add and how you mix it. sometimes you follow the recipe and at other times, youre creative.
life is like a maze in which you try to avoid the exit.


ANALOGY
2 or more things agree in some respects.
is a comparison of things that are essential dissimalarity but are shown throught the analogy to have some simililarity
a form of logical in ference or an instance of it,
based on the assumption that if 2 things are known tobe alike in some respects then they must be alike in other aspects.

Analogy (from Greek "ἀναλογία" – analogia, "proportion") is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, where at least one of the premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not necessarily, asimilarity, as in the biological notion of analogy.

Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, decision making, perception, memory, creativity, emotion, explanation and communication. It lies behind basic tasks such as the identification of places, objects and people, for example, in face perception and facial recognition systems. It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition".Specific analogical language comprises exemplification, comparisons, metaphors, similes, allegories, and parables, but not metonymy. Phrases like and so on, and the like,as if, and the very word like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a message including them. Analogy is important not only in ordinary language andcommon sense (where proverbs and idioms give many examples of its application) but also in science, philosophy and the humanities. The concepts of association, comparison, correspondence, mathematical and morphological homology, homomorphism, iconicity, isomorphism, metaphor, resemblance, and similarity are closely related to analogy. In cognitive linguistics, the notion of conceptual metaphor may be equivalent to that of analogy.

Analogy has been studied and discussed since classical antiquity by philosophers, scientists and lawyers. The last few decades have shown a renewed interest in analogy, most notable in cognitive science.

In otherwise,
Juxtaposition also may refer to:
1) Juxtaposition in literacy which is synonymous with contrast that is two objects
or texts that oppose one another.
In linguistics and semantics, contrast is a relationship between two discourse segments and it
often marked by markers such as 'but' or 'however'. The majority of the studies done on
contrast and contrastive relations in semantics has focused on characterizing. Semantics
also concentrated on identifying what distinguished clauses joined by 'and' and 'but'. In
discourse theory and computational discourse, contrast is a major discourse relation with
relationship like explanation or narration and work that has concentrated on trying to identify
contrast. Therefore in literature and film, juxtaposition is the arrangement of two opposing
ideas, characters, objects, etc. either side-by-side or in similar narratives for effects. The
techniques are used to further in develop the storyline or characters. Then it is applied
variously to opposing emotions, abstract concepts, character traits or images.

2) Random juxtaposition which is two random objects moving in parallel, that is a
technique intended to stimulate creativity.
Random juxtaposition is the process that requires the introduction of a completely random
stimulus which is juxtaposed with the problem in hand. The connection that develops between
the two may serve to give emphasis to the side track. Maybe the ideas generated are not a
specially strong idea, but it does illustrate the sort of idea that could not come directly from
analysis of the situation itself. Similar to oxymoron.

These are the few examples of juxtaposition that happens around us.

This is a two CD cover combination of a famous male singer, Tanni at the top part and a semi-naked female at the middle part. Once this two images combined, it shows a full length of a human from the head to the leg. But when we take a look closer to it, it gives us an impression that it looks like an bisexual human being. This is because when this two images is juxtaposed, it shows another meaning to us. Therefore juxtaposition is able to create something other that what is showed.

This is another combination of two objects that is not related at all but when it comes to juxtaposition, the both objects has something related to each other. For example, the barrel contains toxic waste in it so means it is dangerous and very poisonous and the same time the sign board beside it shows that the beach is closed and avoid any water contact. So when the two objects is placed together, it brings meaning that the water level at the beach is polluted by the toxic waste caused by irresponsible people using the toxic waste barrels, therefore a sign is located along the beach telling us the beach is closed due to it.